abstract：:The disposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the respiratory tract of the Beagle dog was measured and presented in two previous papers. In this paper, the data were used to demonstrate that highly lipophilic toxicants, such as PAHs, were diffusion-limited during clearance from the respiratory tract. O...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gerde P,Muggenburg BA,Henderson RF

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to evaluate the developmental toxicity of nitrazepam (NZ) in Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice and to determine the metabolic factors which modulate susceptibility to the developmental effects of NZ. Rats were treated orally with a single dose of NZ at 300 mg/kg on Day 12 of gestation. Mice rece...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Takeno S,Hirano Y,Kitamura A,Sakai T

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexually immature rainbow trout were dosed via gavage with 7,12-[14C]dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in order to study hepatic metabolite formation over time and at single and multiple doses. beta-Glucuronidase and aryl sulfatase hydrolyses of bile extracts and subsequent high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Schnitz AR,Squibb KS,O'Connor JM

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of action of Cd on Na,K-ATPase was investigated in two "classical" model systems, the shark rectal gland and rabbit kidney outer medulla. In lyophilized plasma membranes from dogfish rectal gland Cd inhibited Na,K-ATPase activity after 30 min of preincubation with an I50 of 1.3 x 10(-5) M. K-Dependent p-...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kinne-Saffran E,Hülseweh M,Pfaff C,Kinne RK

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lovastatin (LOVA) is a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase widely used in clinical practice. We treated primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes, maintained in a minimal, serum-free medium on Matrigel, a reconstituted basement membrane, with this drug, and found that the amounts of P450...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kocarek TA,Schuetz EG,Guzelian PS

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various drugs have been shown to stimulate surfactant phospholipid metabolism. Particularly beta-adrenergic agonists play an important role under physiologic conditions. For the first time we have studied whether nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inhalation alters beta-adrenergic regulation of surfactant phospholipid metabolism ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mengel RG,Bernhard W,Barth P,von Wichert P,Müller B

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of intact cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to water-soluble nickel (Ni) salts and to relatively water-insoluble crystalline nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) resulted in an increased formation of the fluorescent oxidized compound, dichlorofluorescein (DCF) from the parent nonfluorescent compound, 2,7-dichlo...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Huang X,Frenkel K,Klein CB,Costa M

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of chemicals cause a nephrotoxic syndrome in male rats, referred to as protein droplet or alpha 2u-globulin (alpha 2u) nephropathy. To evaluate the potential human risk for developing a similar chemically-induced protein-mediated nephrotoxic response, the low-molecular-weight protein fraction (LMWPF) was isol...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Borghoff SJ,Lagarde WH

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) is an industrial byproduct that is known to cause the destruction of ovarian follicles in mice. Its analog, 4-phenylcyclohexene (4PC), is a volatile product from latex-backed carpeting. These studies were undertaken to assess the structure-activity relationships of these compounds and the potent...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hooser SB,Parola LR,Van Ert MD,Sipes IG

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An earlier study indicated that percutaneous absorption of a 40-nmol dose of TCDD decreased with aging in rats, suggesting that the potential for systemic exposure following dermal contact would be decreased in older age groups. In this study, maturational changes in potential for systemic exposure to TCDD following d...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Anderson YB,Jackson JA,Birnbaum LS

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunotoxic effects of the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) have been evaluated using mouse, but not human, lymphocytes. Since susceptibility to immunomodulation by BaP may be species-related, the effects of BaP on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC) from several individuals were investig...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mudzinski SP

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE), a widely used chlorocarbon solvent, on the metabolism and activation of [14C]-vinyl chloride in rat hepatic microsomes was investigated to determine the effects of combined exposures to these compounds. In microsomes from phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats, TCE increased vi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Baker MT,Ronnenberg WC Jr

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eicosanoids released after ozone exposure of a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-S6, were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of supernatants from exposed cells prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid. BEAS cells released thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene C4 (LTC4), L...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： McKinnon KP,Madden MC,Noah TL,Devlin RB

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous research has shown that intraperitoneal injection of the solvent pyridine results in a dose- and time-dependent induction of hepatic P450IIE1 in rats, with a twofold increase observed at 6 hr post-treatment. However, inhalation is the primary route of exposure expected for humans exposed to pyridine in labora...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hotchkiss JA,Kim SG,Novak RF,Dahl AR

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biodistribution of cocaine in female rats before and after delivery of litters was studied in order to provide an explanation for the observed differences in cocaine-induced toxicity in pregnant and postpartum rats. Cocaine (20 mg/kg, ip) given to female rats at 16 days of gestation or 20 days of gestation did not hav...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dwivedi C,Engineer FN,Vaughan SL

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase (FBS AChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were successfully used as single pretreatment drugs for the prevention of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) toxicity in nonhuman primates. Eight rhesus monkeys, trained to perform Primate Equilibrium Plat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wolfe AD,Blick DW,Murphy MR,Miller SA,Gentry MK,Hartgraves SL,Doctor BP

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of methanol and formate were characterized in male Fischer-344 rats and rhesus monkeys exposed to methanol vapor concentrations between 50 and 2000 ppm for 6 hr. End-of-exposure blood methanol concentrations were not directly proportional to the atmospheric concentration. The methanol exposures di...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Horton VL,Higuchi MA,Rickert DE

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have demonstrated that macrophages are the cell types capable of metabolizing benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) within the spleens of untreated mice. Since repeated exposure to B(a)P results in immunosuppression and B(a)P is known to induce cytochrome P450 levels, the first objective of this study was to investiga...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ladics GS,Kawabata TT,Munson AE,White KL Jr

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to assess the effects of long-term exposure to cadmium (Cd) on the renal metabolism of eicosanoids, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was determined in 37 workers exposed to Cd and...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cárdenas A,Ramis I,Hotter G,Roselló J,Gelpí E,Roels H,Bernard A,Lauwerys R

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rate-limiting step in chemically induced, male rat-specific hyaline droplet nephropathy is the reversible binding of a xenobiotic to alpha 2u-globulin. In this study, equilibrium saturation binding experiments were conducted to evaluate the in vitro binding of d-limonene-1,2-oxide (dLO) and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-penta...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lehman-McKeeman LD,Caudill D

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were exposed to saline or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 25, 100, or 400 micrograms/kg body weight by intratracheal instillation. At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure five animals/treatment were euthanized, the lungs were lavaged, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Driscoll KE,Maurer JK,Poynter J,Higgins J,Asquith T,Miller NS

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was conducted to evaluate UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase (UDP-GT) activity, UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GA) concentration, and UDP-glucose (UDPG) concentration in the rat intestine and liver following oral administration of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), phenoba...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Goon D,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetate (TCA) and dichloroacetate (DCA) have been shown to be hepatocarcinogenic in mice when administered in drinking water. However, DCA produces pathological effects in the liver that are much more severe than those observed following TCA treatment in both rats and mice. To identify potential mechanisms in...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Larson JL,Bull RJ

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diethyl maleate (DEM) pretreatment has previously been shown to result in a transient depletion of lung glutathione and an associated decrease of the time to the onset of rat mortality resulting from exposures to 100% oxygen in vivo. The effects of oxygen exposure on mitochondrial energy metabolism were assessed by me...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bassett DJ,Reichenbaugh SS

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:p-Aminophenol causes necrosis of the pars recta of the proximal tubules in rats, and its nephrotoxicity may be due to glutathione-dependent bioactivation reactions. We have investigated the hepatic metabolism of p-aminophenol in Wistar rats and the cytotoxicity of formed glutathione S-conjugates in rat renal epithelia...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Klos C,Koob M,Kramer C,Dekant W

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism by which acrylamide (ACR) produces distal axonopathy in humans and laboratory animals is unknown. The possibility that this neuropathy involves deregulation of elements and water in rat peripheral nerve has been investigated. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to measure percentages of water and...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： LoPachin RM,Castiglia CM,Saubermann AJ

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rodent bioassays indicate that B6C3F1 mice are more sensitive to the carcinogenicity of benzene than are rats. The urinary profile of benzene metabolites is different in rats vs mice. Mice produce higher proportions of hydroquinone conjugates and muconic acid, indicators of metabolism via pathways leading to putative ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sabourin PJ,Muggenburg BA,Couch RC,Lefler D,Lucier G,Birnbaum LS,Henderson RF

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) is a sulfhydryl-rich protein whose levels are increased by administration of a variety of agents including metals, cytokines, and oxidative stress agents. Recent studies have suggested that MT is involved in protecting against various forms of oxidative stress, but little is known about the induct...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bauman JW,McKim JM Jr,Liu J,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The autoradiographic distribution of the toxic heavy metal nickel (Ni) was studied at 4 and 7 days post-coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) infection in Balb/c mice. The distribution of the iv injected 63Ni was studied 10 min, 4 hr, and 24 hr after administration. Results clearly show that the site of 63Ni accumulation is greatly...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ilbäck NG,Fohlman J,Friman G

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of mucosal metallothionein (MT) preinduced by zinc (Zn) on tissue distribution of cadmium (Cd) after administration of Cd with several chelating agents was studied in rats. After Cd-cysteine (Cd-Cys) was incubated with intestinal Zn-MT in vitro, all the Cd dissociated from Cys and exchanged the Zn bound to ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Min KS,Nakatsubo T,Kawamura S,Fujita Y,Onosaka S,Tanaka K

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I-compounds are recently discovered, age-dependent covalent DNA modifications, which are detectable by 32P-postlabeling assay for DNA adducts. The effects of the catatoxic antiglucocorticoid, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), on hepatic and renal I-compound levels have been studied in male and female Sprague-D...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Moorthy B,van Golen KL,Randerath K

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrete-time simulation model of carcinogenesis is described mathematically using recursive relationships between time-varying model variables. The dynamics of cellular behavior is represented within a biological framework that encompasses two irreversible and heritable genetic changes. Empirical data and biologica...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ellwein LB,Cohen SM

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro studies using rat and human hepatic microsomes have shown that the halogenated hydrocarbon 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) is bioactivated to the direct acting mutagen 1,3-dichloroacetone (DCA). The presence of DCA in microsomal incubations was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. DCA formation was...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Weber GL,Sipes IG

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) induces hepatic porphyria and liver cancer in female rats, whereas toxicity is minimal in male rats. HCB is biotransformed to sulfur-containing metabolites originating from conjugation to glutathione (GSH). This study aimed to assess differences in GSH conjugation of HCB between male and female...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： D'Amour M,Charbonneau M

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure protocols were designed to ask whether lung damage in rats exposed to either ozone or nitrogen dioxide is proportional to dose rate or to cumulative dose. Thus, the response of rats to a constant product of concentration of oxidant air pollutant and time of exposure (C x T) was evaluated for 3-day exposures o...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gelzleichter TR,Witschi H,Last JA

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental model of endotoxin-induced release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) into the serum of C57BL/6J mice congenic at the Ah locus was used to investigate the effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on TNF production. TCDD exposure of Ah-responsive mice (Ahbb) resulted in a dose-dependent i...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Clark GC,Taylor MJ,Tritscher AM,Lucier GW

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study the promoting activity of various PCB and PBB isomers and congeners in rat liver has been studied and compared with a variety of primary xenobiotic-mediated enzymatic changes in this target organ. Female Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 10 mg/kg body wt for 10 days) and were subsequ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Buchmann A,Ziegler S,Wolf A,Robertson LW,Durham SK,Schwarz M

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen cause widespread alkylation of liver and early loss of cytosolic Ca2+ regulation. Although the precise location and target of lethal alkylation are not known, Ca2+ accumulation is viewed as a possible link between cell alkylation and cell death. We have recently shown that Ca2+ accum...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shen W,Kamendulis LM,Ray SD,Corcoran GB

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase(s) (hUDP-GT(s] activity toward thyroid hormones and the relationship between the activity and the serum thyroid hormones or the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats after four consecutive ip doses of various hepatic enzyme indu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Saito K,Kaneko H,Sato K,Yoshitake A,Yamada H

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phenobarbital (PB) is an effective growth stimulator of hepatic hyperplastic nodules developed with diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene plus partial hepatectomy (the Solt-Farber model), but it does not apparently stimulate the growth of preneoplastic lesions produced with aflatoxin B1 (AFB). Some studies have...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chen ZY,Eaton DL

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00